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Community Reintegration Outcomes for Formerly Incarcerated Adolescent Fathers and Nonfathers

Secondary Special Education and Transition Program at the College of Education, University of Oregon, dkunruh@ oregon.uoregon.edu

Michael Bullis

College of Education, Institute on Violence and Destructive Behavior at the University of Oregon

Paul Yovanoff

College of Education at the University of Oregon

This article examines the community reintegration outcomes for adolescents with co-existing behaviors associated with juvenile offending and fatherhood. Data were gathered from the Transition Research on Adjudicated Youth in Community Settings (TRACS) research project, a 5-year prospective, longitudinal examination of outcomes for incarcerated juvenile offenders as they transitioned from youth correctional facilities back into the community. Of the TRACS sample, 125 (28.3%) of the participants reported that they had become fathers before their 20th birthday. Juvenile offenders who were fathers were found to return to the juvenile correctional system at a higher rate than nonfathers (59.4% to 47.5%) within 12 months of initially leaving that system. Fathers who remained in the community were (a) more than 3 times more likely to be employed within 6 months of exit and (b) more than 2.5 times more likely to use community resources over an 18-month period as compared with fathers who returned to custody. The results provide support for the development of interventions connecting these high-risk individuals with employment and community services immediately upon exit from the youth correctional system.

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