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Behavioral and Emotional Problems Reported by Parents of Children Ages 6 to 16 in 31 Societies

Child Study Institute at Bryn Mawr College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Thomas Achenbach

University of Vermont, Burlington

Masha Y. Ivanova

University of Vermont, Burlington

Levent Dumenci

University of Vermont, Burlington

Fredrik Almqvist

Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland City

Niels Bilenberg

University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Hector Bird

Columbia University, New York

Wei Chen

National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Anca Dobrean

Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania

Manfred Döpfner

Köln University, Cologne, Germany

Nese Erol

Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

Eric Fombonne

McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Antonio Fonseca

University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

Alessandra Frigerio

Istituto Scientifico Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy

Hans Grietens

University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Helga Hannesdottir

University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland

Yasuko Kanbayashi

Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

Michael Lambert

University of Missouri, Columbia

BO Larsson

Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Patrick Leung

Chinese Univerity of Hong Kong

Xianchen Liu

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Asghar Minaei

Research Institute of Exceptional Children, Tehran, Iran

Mesfin S. Mulatu

The MayaTech Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland

Torunn S. Novik

Buskerud Hospital, Drammen, Norway

Kyung-Ja Oh

Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

Alexandra Roussos

Attiki Child Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece

Michael Sawyer

University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Zeynep Simsek

University of Harran, Harran, Turkey

Hans-Christoph Steinhausen

University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Sheila Weintraub

Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland

John Weisz

Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Christa Winkler Metzke

University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Tomasz Wolanczyk

Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

Hao-Jan Yang

Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

Nelly Zilber

Falk Institute for Mental Health Studies and the French Research Center, Jerusalem, Israel

Rita Zukauskiene

Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania

Frank Verhulst

Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, lrescorl{at}brynmawr.edu

This study compared parents' ratings of behavioral and emotional problems on the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991;Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) for general population samples of children ages 6 to 16 from 31 societies (N = 55,508). Effect sizes for society ranged from .03 to .14. Effect sizes for gender were .01, with girls generally scoring higher on Internalizing problems and boys generally scoring higher on Externalizing problems. Effect sizes for age were .01 and varied across types of problems.Total Problems scores for 19 of 31 societies were within 1 SD of the overall mean of 22.5. Bisociety correlations for mean item scores averaged .74. The findings indicate that parents' reports of children's problems were similar in many ways across highly diverse societies. Nonetheless, effect sizes for society were larger than those for gender and age, indicating the need to take account of multicultural variations in parents' reports of children's problems.

Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, Vol. 15, No. 3, 130-142 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/10634266070150030101


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